In political theory, the system of selecting officials by merit is called what?

• A. Confucius
• B. Imperial Dynasties
• C. Meritocracy
• D. Mandate of Heaven

Answer: (C)

Meritocracy is the idea that government officials are chosen based on ability, knowledge, and proven performance rather than birth or wealth. This concept centers on earning one's position through demonstrated competence, often through formal testing or track records, to ensure those in power are capable. In political theory, meritocracy contrasts with systems that rely on lineage or status, which is why it fits the question perfectly. The other options don’t describe a method of selecting officials: Confucius is a philosopher who influenced governance ideas but isn’t a system name; Imperial Dynasties refers to ruling families and dynastic rule; Mandate of Heaven explains why a ruler has legitimacy, not how officials are chosen. So, meritocracy is the best answer.