The maritime voyages that reached the Indian Ocean and Africa were led by which explorer?

• A. Marco Polo
• B. Zheng He
• C. Vasco da Gama
• D. Magellan

Answer: (B)

These voyages show a powerful display of navigation and diplomacy across the Indian Ocean and to the African coast. Zheng He commanded a fleet of enormous treasure ships on several state-sponsored expeditions from 1405 to 1433, reaching Southeast Asia, the Arabian Peninsula, and ultimately the East African coast. The purpose was to display Ming imperial power and to establish tributary and trade relationships, not to colonize. This early 15th-century maritime network stands out for its scale and scope in reaching those distant waters.

By comparison, Marco Polo’s travels were overland to the Yuan court in China and don’t reflect Indian Ocean expeditions; Magellan’s voyage came later and centered on circumnavigating the globe, not on expanding maritime reach to Africa in the same way; Vasco da Gama’s sea voyage around Africa to India happened after Zheng He’s era and represents a different wave of exploration driven by European powers.